Inspection Diver Study Guide (Concise)

A compact, field‑ready reference for inspection divers preparing for Underwater NDT Inspection Diver exams. Use alongside your company SOPs and project specifications.

1) What each grade tests — skills matrix

✓ = core; • = awareness/overlap

Level 1 NDT Inspection Diver Skills

Asset terminology & feature IDs (pipeline/risers/trees/manifolds) ✓

Visual inspection: GVI/CVI, cleaning standards, measurement & sketching ✓

Photography/video with overlay & commentary ✓

CP survey (Ag/AgCl/seawater), interpretation & troubleshooting ✓

UDTM (thickness) — setup, calibration, limits ✓

ID & %‑cover Marine growth methods (SACFOR, quadrats, line‑intercept) ✓

Fluorescent/visible MPI (field fundamentals) •

Toe‑grinding (method, acceptance, re‑inspection) •

Advanced UT (DAC/TCG, gates, skip distance) & ACFM basics •

Reporting, anomaly coding, workpack planning & QA/QC •

Level 2 NDT Inspection Diver Skills

Asset terminology & feature IDs (pipeline/risers/trees/manifolds) ✓

Visual inspection: GVI/CVI, cleaning standards, measurement & sketching ✓

Photography/video with overlay & commentary ✓

CP survey (Ag/AgCl/seawater), interpretation & troubleshooting ✓

UDTM (thickness) — setup, calibration, limits ✓

ID & %‑cover Marine growth methods (SACFOR, quadrats, line‑intercept) ✓

Fluorescent/visible MPI (field fundamentals) ✓

Toe‑grinding (method, acceptance, re‑inspection) ✓

Advanced UT (DAC/TCG, gates, skip distance) & ACFM basics ✓

Reporting, anomaly coding, workpack planning & QA/QC •

Level 3 Underwater Inspection Controller Skills

Asset terminology & feature IDs (pipeline/risers/trees/manifolds) ✓ (supervise)

Visual inspection: GVI/CVI, cleaning standards, measurement & sketching ✓ (plan/assure)

Photography/video with overlay & commentary ✓ (QA)

CP survey (Ag/AgCl/seawater), interpretation & troubleshooting ✓ (review/trend)

UDTM (thickness) — setup, calibration, limits ✓ (QA)

ID & %‑cover Marine growth methods (SACFOR, quadrats, line‑intercept) ✓

Fluorescent/visible MPI (field fundamentals) ✓ (acceptance)

Toe‑grinding (method, acceptance, re‑inspection) ✓ (sign‑off)

Advanced UT (DAC/TCG, gates, skip distance) & ACFM basics ✓ (method selection)

Reporting, anomaly coding, workpack planning & QA/QC ✓

2) Subsea assets — terminology & feature IDs (call‑outs for video/stills)

Pipelines/Flowlines

KP chainage; FJ‑### field joint; Anode (bracelet/sled); CWC (concrete weight coating); FJC (field joint coating); ILT (in‑line tee); PR/PL (pig receiver/launcher); SSIV; Hot‑tap; Expansion spool.

Terminations/Manifolds

PLET (termination), PLEM (manifolded termination), Manifold header, Guide base, Tie‑in porch, SUTA/SDU (umbilical termination/distribution), Stab plate.

Risers/Wellheads

TTR/SCR (top‑tensioned/flexible catenary riser), Riser clamp/fairlead/porch, Tree/X‑mas tree, Gooseneck/J‑tube.

Supports/Protection

Mudmats, Concrete mattresses, Mattress pins, Rock dump, Span (free length), Span shoulders.

3) Visual inspection (GVI/CVI) — quick procedure

Brief & permits

Hazards (current/impact), communications, tooling, cleaning limit.

Lighting/visibility check

Record conditions.

GVI pass at stand‑off

Identify features, gross damage, spans, coating holidays, anodes.

Escalate to CVI where needed

Local clean (minimal; avoid coating damage), expose weld toes/defects.

Measurements

Rule/scale, pit/radius gauge; record KP & clock‑face.

Stills

Orthogonal + obliques; scale in frame; captions.

Video commentary

Structured (see §11 templates).

Report

Defect type, sizes, evidence, acceptance/reference, recommended action.

4) CP survey — essentials

01

Reference cell:

Ag/AgCl/seawater; verify against standard; keep porous tip clean.

02

Probe placement:

preference for contact pad/near‑contact to reduce IR drop.

03

Typical protection band (project‑dependent):

readings more negative than ≈ −0.80 V (Ag/AgCl/seawater) often indicate protection. Use project criteria.

04

Process:

clean small pad if needed → stabilise reading → log KP/depth/temp/flow → compare trends near anodes/joints.

05

Troubleshooting:

erratic = cable fault/coating holiday; less‑negative near defects = poor contact/IR drop; big gradients = broken continuity or shielding.

Deliverables: calibration sheet, raw logs, overlay video of contact points, map of KP readings.

5) UDTM (thickness) — setup & checks

1

Velocity (steel): ~5920 m/s. Use echo‑to‑echo to cancel coating delay.

2

Calibration: step‑wedge → set velocity → verify on bare metal pad.

3

Technique: clean/flat pad; consistent pressure; repeat 3× at each point; note temperature.

4

Limitations: roughness/marine growth; tight radii/small OD; high flow; geometry.

5

Back‑of‑slate calc example: t(mm) ≈ (v (m/s) × time(µs))/2000. E.g., 1.70 µs → ~5.0 mm.

6) Marine growth — ID & %‑cover

SACFOR abundance

Superabundant, Abundant, Common, Frequent, Occasional, Rare.

%‑cover methods

  • Photo‑quadrat (grid/point-count) perpendicular, scale in frame → tally points → % per taxon.
  • Line‑intercept growth length ÷ tape length ×100.

Common taxa (diver cues)

  • Hydroids (feathery; stinging); Bryozoans (lacy calcareous sheets); Ascidians (sea squirts; gelatinous tunic, siphons); Sponges (porous with oscula); Barnacles (calcareous plates); Coralline algae (pink/red crusts); Mussels (byssal clusters).

Safety

Hydroid stings; sharp shells; silt/backscatter management for imagery.

7) Level 2 NDT Inspection Diver core NDT — what to know cold

7.1 Fluorescent MPI (wet)

Light & vision

UV‑A ≈ 365 nm; dark adaptation ~5 min; keep white light low (use tent/hood). Verify UV intensity at working distance.

Magnetisation

Yoke (AC/DC) or prods; two directions (perpendicular to expected crack). Confirm with QQI/pie gauge; ensure firm pole contact (no lift‑off).

Bath/flow

Correct concentration, agitate, control flow; streaming water washes particles off.

Interpretation

Sharp, continuous linear fluorescence → crack‑like; geometry edges/background → non‑relevant; re‑magnetise in second direction.

Post

Demagnetise if required; clean; restore coating; complete records (UV/lux, QQI photos, settings).

7.2 Toe‑grinding (fillet weld toes)

Aim:

remove small surface cracks & reduce stress concentration with a smooth blended radius over ≥150 mm length.

Tools:

hydraulic grinder, suitable burrs/flap; gauges; tethers; PPE; staging for current.

Method:

mark length → light passes (avoid heat/blueing) → cross-check profile → deburr → avoid grooves aligned with stress.

Acceptance:

continuous blend; minimum radius per spec; re-inspect (MPI two directions / ACFM); document before/after with scale.

7.3 Advanced UT & ACFM

UT

Plan skip distances; set gates; use DAC/TCG for consistent sensitivity; mitigate dead zone (delay line/dual‑element). Angle-beam 45–70° common.

ACFM

Through-coating surface crack detection with length/depth estimates; maintain stable lift‑off; manage EM noise; great when light control/cleaning is limited.

8) Level 3 Underwater Inspection Controller focus — planning, QA/QC & supervision

1

Plan the work

Scope, hazards, permits, roles; tools & calibration; dark‑room plan for fluorescent MPI; grind workpack with hold points.

2

Evidence pack

Overlay-rich video; captioned stills with scale; measurement tables; UV/lux & QQI records; UT/ACFM calibration files; anomaly log.

3

Decision trees

CVI → MPI → ACFM → UT depending on coating, access, lighting, and objective.

4

Reporting

Objective language; KP/clock-face; sizes with method; acceptance criteria cited; clear recommendation & priority.

5

Auditability

Unique IDs, filenames tied to KP/feature; operator IDs; settings; backups; sign‑offs.

9) Mini‑glossary (high‑yield)

1
  • ACFM alternating current field measurement
  • CVI/GVI close/general visual inspection
  • CP cathodic protection
  • CWC concrete weight coating
  • DAC/TCG distance‑amplitude curve / time‑corrected gain
  • FJ field joint
2
  • FJC field joint coating
  • HIPPS high‑integrity pressure protection system
  • ILT in‑line tee
  • KP kilometre post/chainage
  • MPI magnetic particle inspection
  • PLET/PLEM pipeline end termination/manifold
3
  • PR/PL pig receiver/launcher
  • QQI quantitative quality indicator (shim)
  • SCR/TTR steel catenary riser / top‑tensioned riser
  • SDH side‑drilled hole
  • SSIV subsea isolation valve
  • SUTA/SDU subsea umbilical termination/distribution
  • TOFD time‑of‑flight diffraction
  • UDTM ultrasonic digital thickness measurement
  • UV‑A ultraviolet A (≈365 nm)

10) One‑page checklists (pin these to your slate)

GVI/CVI (10‑step)

  1. Brief/permits
  1. Vis/lighting
  1. GVI sweep
  1. Clean minimally
  1. Measure
  1. Stills orthogonal+oblique
  1. Overlay tidy
  1. Commentary structured
  1. Note acceptance vs spec
  1. Log actions

CP Survey (10‑step)

  1. Verify electrode
  1. Cable check
  1. Prepare contact pad
  1. Place cell; stabilise
  1. Log KP/depth/temp
  1. Repeat/average
  1. Compare to criteria
  1. Map gradients
  1. Troubleshoot anomalies
  1. Photos of contact points

UDTM (10‑step)

  1. Clean flat pad
  1. Calibrate velocity
  1. Echo‑to‑echo mode
  1. Verify on bare steel
  1. Consistent pressure
  1. Repeat 3×
  1. Record temp/settings
  1. Beware curvature
  1. Cross‑check outliers
  1. Save screen caps

Fluorescent MPI (10‑step)

  1. Dark plan (tent/hood)
  1. UV intensity check
  1. Lux low
  1. Dark‑adapt
  1. Surface clean
  1. Magnetise dir-1
  1. Apply ink
  1. Inspect; record
  1. Magnetise dir-2
  1. Demag & restore coating; log QQI/UV

Toe‑grinding (10‑step)

Workpack/permits

Mark ≥150 mm

Secure staging

Light passes

Control heat

Check profile/radius

Deburr

MPI/ACFM re‑inspect

Photos before/after with scale

Sign‑off

11) Templates — talk & write like an inspector

Report sentence starters:

"At KP 12.300 / FJ‑084 / 9 o'clock, weld toe cleaned; linear indication ~45 mm long detected by fluorescent MPI (UV-A verified). Second direction confirms; demag applied. Recommend: toe-grind ≥150 mm and re‑inspect."

"UDTM on cleaned pad indicates 7.6 mm (echo-to-echo, v=5920 m/s, 18°C). Repeat x3: 7.6/7.5/7.6 mm."

Measurement phrases:

  • "Measured with pit gauge; uncertainty ±0.2 mm."
  • "CP reading −0.92 V Ag/AgCl/seawater, 26 mSW, 9°C; stabilised 10 s."

12) Exam strategy (MCQ + written)

01

MCQ: read stem → predict → then scan options; eliminate two; watch units (mm vs m); beware "always/never."

02

Short answers (3–4 marks): define + two key points + one practical example.

03

Extended answers: open with scope/purpose, then ordered steps; finish with acceptance & documentation.

04

Time‑box: don't stall mark and return. Use sketches for weld geometry/beam paths.

05

Common pitfalls: missing overlay IDs; no scale; forgetting second magnetisation; poor CP contact; UDTM without echo‑to‑echo; unblended grind grooves.

Final reminders

Match your answers to project criteria (potentials, acceptance radii, lighting limits).

Use objective language and evidence.

Safety first: tool control, current management, visibility, and comms.

Good luck — and remember: clean, measure, evidence, recommend.

Inspection Equipment Reference

Imaging Equipment

High-resolution underwater cameras with overlay capabilities, video systems with timestamp and depth data, lighting systems with variable intensity control, and measurement scales.

Measurement Tools

Pit gauges, calipers, radius gauges, ultrasonic thickness meters, CP reference electrodes, and digital multimeters with waterproof housings.

Cleaning & Preparation

Hydraulic grinders, wire brushes, needle guns, water jets, and specialized marine growth removal tools designed for underwater use with proper tethering.

Common Subsea Defects

Weld Defects

Toe cracks, lack of fusion, porosity, undercut, and excessive reinforcement. Typically require MPI or ACFM for confirmation after visual identification.

Corrosion

General surface corrosion, pitting, crevice corrosion at joints, and galvanic corrosion at dissimilar metal interfaces. Measure depth with pit gauges and document with scale.

Mechanical Damage

Impact damage, abrasion, deformation, and free spans exceeding allowable limits. Document with measurements and multiple angle photographs.

Coating Failures

Disbondment, holidays, blistering, and mechanical damage. Check for correlation with CP readings and document extent with measurements.

Communication & Documentation Best Practices

Communication

  • Use clear, concise terminology consistent with industry standards
  • Confirm understanding of instructions before proceeding with inspection tasks
  • Report findings immediately when critical defects are identified
  • Maintain regular communication with surface team regarding progress and conditions

Documentation

  • Follow consistent file naming conventions that include date, location, and feature ID
  • Ensure all measurements include method, units, and uncertainty
  • Cross-reference video timestamps with still images and written observations
  • Maintain calibration records for all inspection equipment
  • Complete inspection logs immediately after dive while observations are fresh